Scientific Calculator
Evaluate mathematical expressions including trigonometry, logarithms, exponents, and more.
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How to use this calculator
- 1
Type your mathematical expression in the input field.
- 2
Choose degrees or radians for trigonometric functions.
- 3
Use function names like sin(), cos(), log(), sqrt(), etc.
- 4
Combine operations freely: sin(45)^2 + cos(45)^2 = 1
Frequently asked questions
Why does sin(pi/2) not give 1?
The angle unit defaults to degrees, so pi/2 is read as 1.5708 degrees and sin(pi/2) returns 0.02741213359. Switch the unit to Radians and the same expression gives 1. Likewise sin(2*pi) gives 0.1094426069 in degrees. Check the selector whenever a trig result looks off.
Which functions take or return angles?
sin, cos and tan read their input in the selected unit. asin, acos, atan and atan2 return their answer in that unit, so atan(1) is 45 in degrees mode. The hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh and tanh do not use the angle setting at all.
Why does sin(180) show 1.224646799e-16 instead of 0?
Degrees are converted to radians using a rounded value of pi, leaving a residue of about 1e-16 that is displayed rather than hidden. Results are shown to 10 significant digits, so many values clean up (sin(30) gives 0.5), but not those that should be exactly zero. tan(90) likewise returns 16331239353195370, not infinity.
How is -2^2 evaluated, and what about 2^3^2?
Exponents bind tighter than a leading minus, so -2^2 is -4. Powers chain from the right, so 2^3^2 is 2^(3^2) = 512. A negative exponent works directly: 2^-3 returns 0.125.
Does it understand 2pi, 3(4+5) or a space between numbers?
No implicit multiplication: write 2*pi and 3*(4+5). 2pi returns "Invalid expression — check syntax". Spaces are stripped before parsing, so "2 3" is read as 23, not as two numbers. An unmatched opening bracket at the end is tolerated ("(2+3" returns 5), but an extra closing bracket is an error.
What does the % symbol do?
It is the remainder (modulo) operator, not a percent sign: 5%2 returns 1 and 10%3 returns 1. To take a percentage of a value, multiply: 0.15*200. There is no postfix factorial sign; write factorial(5) for 120.
What are the limits for factorial and division by zero?
factorial accepts whole numbers from 0 to 170; a negative or fractional input gives an error, and values above 170 show infinity because they overflow a standard double. Dividing a nonzero number by zero shows ∞, ln(0) shows -∞, and sqrt(-1) or ln(-1) report invalid syntax since no complex numbers are supported.
Scientific calculator — type an expression, pick degrees or radians
Typing whole expressions
Instead of key-by-key entry you write the full expression, for example 100*(1+0.05)^10, and the tool evaluates it with the usual precedence: brackets, powers, then multiplication, division and remainder, then addition and subtraction. That compound-interest line returns 162.8894627. Function arguments are separated by commas, as in pow(2,0.5), which returns 1.414213562, or max(3,9,4), which returns 9. Nested calls are fine, so sqrt(abs(-16)) works, and you can combine results freely: 5%2 is a remainder, not a percentage. Because the whole expression is visible in one field you can edit a single number and watch the result change, which is faster than re-keying a long chain.
Worked examples with the default angle unit
In degrees mode sin(30)+log(100) returns 2.5, because sin(30) is 0.5 and log(100), a base-10 logarithm, is 2. The right-triangle check sqrt(3^2+4^2) returns 5. Round-trip tests such as acos(0.5) returning 60 and atan(1) returning 45 confirm that inverse functions answer in the chosen unit. Switching to radians changes only the trigonometric part of the maths: sin(pi/2) then returns 1, while logarithms, roots and powers are unaffected by the unit setting.
Reference results from the tool
These are the values the calculator produced for common inputs in degrees mode.
| Expression | Result |
|---|---|
| cos(60) | 0.5 |
| log(1000) | 3 |
| log2(1024) | 10 |
| ln(e) | 1 |
| cbrt(27) | 3 |
| 2^10 | 1024 |
| factorial(5) | 120 |
| exp(1) | 2.718281828 |
Constants and number format
The built-in names are pi, e, phi (the golden ratio) and tau (2π). Because e is also Euler’s number, scientific notation such as 2e3 (2000) only works directly after digits; to multiply by Euler’s number write 2*e. Non-integer results are rounded to 10 significant digits, so 0.1+0.2 prints 0.3. Very large or very small answers appear in exponent form, and results beyond what a standard double can store show as infinity. The Expression and Angle unit rows beneath the answer echo what was actually evaluated, which helps when you are checking a pasted formula.
When to double-check
The evaluator is a hand-written parser, so unusual syntax fails with an error rather than guessing. If an answer surprises you, look first at the angle unit, then at brackets, then at whether you needed an explicit multiplication sign. It is also worth testing a long expression in pieces, since the results of sub-expressions are easy to verify by eye and an error in one piece will not hide inside a long chain.
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